( كَمَا أَخْرَجَكَ رَبُّكَ مِن بَيْتِكَ بِالْحَقِّ ) ([It is] just as when your Lord brought you out of your home [for the battle of Badr] in truth): There is a comparison between two situations: Just as the believers accepted Allah’s apportioning of the bounties of war after they had first refused it, just as previously had agreed to engage in the Battler of Badr after their initial reluctance. 

( وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِّنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَكَارِهُونَ) (while indeed, a party among the believers were unwilling): This does not mean that they refused or disliked the order of the Prophet Muhammad (saws); rather, it is a very human perspective. At that time the Muslims were very few in number. We all know that the Prophet (saws) was expelled from Mecca along with his companions, and their properties and homes were seized. When the Prophet (saws) knew about the Quraish caravan passing by, he consulted the people, as Allah (swt) had promised them either the caravan or facing the Quraish with their military might. Some believers were reluctant to go out because they assessed the situation with human measures. Their numbers were few, about three hundred, while the polytheists were numerous, over a thousand fighters. So, the human comparison here involves a natural aversion to the idea of engaging in battle due to the imbalance in numbers, for it would mean that each fighter from the Prophet’s (saws) army would have to go against three fighters from the Quraishis in the battle of Badr.