الآية رقم (164) - وَرُسُلاً قَدْ قَصَصْنَاهُمْ عَلَيْكَ مِن قَبْلُ وَرُسُلاً لَّمْ نَقْصُصْهُمْ عَلَيْكَ وَكَلَّمَ اللّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيمًا

(164) - (Indeed, We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him. And we revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, the Descendants, Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon, and to David We gave the book [of Psalms].)

In the Quran, “We”, “I am”, “It is We who” …are used but “I am” is used specifically when there is a reference to Allah’s oneness.

( إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ ) (We have revealed to you ): The linguistic meaning of the Arabic word of “revelation” is to command secretly. As for the idiomatic meaning: To command secretly by the angels. Allah (swt) reveals to whomever He wills, He (swt) reveals to the Messengers through Jibril (PBUH), and reveals to inanimate objects and to the earth as well through the angels:

 بِأَنَّ رَبَّكَ أَوْحَىٰ لَهَا

(Because your Lord has commanded it.) (Az-Zalzalah: 5)

As well as concerning the bees, Allah (swt) says:

  وَأَوْحَىٰ رَبُّكَ إِلَى النَّحْلِ أَنِ اتَّخِذِي مِنَ الْجِبَالِ بُيُوتًا وَمِنَ الشَّجَرِ وَمِمَّا يَعْرِشُونَ

(And your Lord inspired to the bee, “Take for yourself among the mountains, houses, and among the trees and [in] that which they construct.) (An-Nahl: 68)

So we have to differentiate between the linguistic and the Islamic meanings, for example when we say “prayer”, linguistically it means the supplication whereas as an Islamic meaning it indicates the act of praying with its conditions and actions which have been described by the Prophet (saws).

On an occasion, Hudhaifah (may Allah be pleased with him), entered upon Omar (may Allah be pleased with him), then Omar asked him: “O Hudhaifah, how are you this morning?” Hudhaifah said: “I love trial, and I hate the truth, and I pray without ablution, and I have on earth what is not for Allah In the sky.” Omar was astonished at this saying, then Imam Ali (May Allah honor his face) entered, and Omar said to him: “Oh, Abu Al-Hasan, listen to what Hudhayfah is saying.” And he was angry. Imam Ali said: “What do you say, Hudhaifah, to Umar?” He said: “He asked me: How are you this morning, Hudhaifah? I said: “I love trial. And I hate the truth and I pray without the ablution and I have on earth what does not belong to Allah in the heavens.” Then Ali laughed and said: “Take it easy, O Abu Hafs, take it easy, Omar.” Omar said to him: “What is this saying?” Ali said to him.: “He says that he loves trial, and Allah (swt) says:

 إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عِندَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ

(Your wealth and your children are but a trial, and Allah has with Him a great reward.) (At-Taghabun: 15)

And his saying: “I hate the truth” , death is truth and who is among us that does not hate death! And his saying “I pray without the ablution”, this is saying prayers for the Prophet (saws), and that “He has on earth what Allah does not have in heavens” , meaning he has a wife and children whereas Allah (swt) has none of them. So Omar (may Allah be pleased with him) laughed and said: “You are right abu al-Hassan, you rested my heart towards Hudhayfah”. This story is an example abut the difference between the linguistic and the Islamic idiomatic meanings.

( كَمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِن بَعْدِهِ ) (…as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him ): There was a revelation to Adam (PBUH), yet Allah (swt) began with Noah (PBUH), and does not begin with Adam (PBUH) here because Adam (PBUH) existed before his nation, and Noah came to his nation when they were in a state of idolatry, polytheism and corruption, like all the other Prophets (PBUT), except Adam for his nation appeared after him; because he was the first person went down to earth, and after him the children came. Hence, look at the accuracy of the Holy Quran:

 أَفَلَا يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْآنَ ۚ وَلَوْ كَانَ مِنْ عِندِ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ لَوَجَدُوا فِيهِ اخْتِلَافًا كَثِيرًا

(Then do they not reflect upon the Qur’an? If it had been from [any] other than Allah, they would have found within it much contradiction.) (An-Nisaa: 82)

If it has been written by a human, he would have started with Adam (PBUH), and not with Noah (PBUH).

( وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِن بَعْدِهِ ) (…and the prophets after him ): They are not identified; because there are many.

( وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ وَعِيسَىٰ وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُونُسَ وَهَارُونَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ ) (…And we revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, the Descendants, Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon, ): Ishmael and Isshaq are the sons of Ibrahim, then Ya’qub (Israel) came, the son of Isshaq and the father of Yusuf, then from the children of Ya’qub (al-Assbat) came Issa (Jesus), Yunus and Haroon (PBUT). Mosa (PBUH) is not mentioned here, some Prophets are mentioned who are the descenders of the Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH).

(  وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا ) (and to David We gave the book [of Psalms]): Why the Book of Dawood (PBUH) is mentioned rather than the Bible or the Torah ? Because it is the only one in which all the Prophets share, and there was no legislation for people in it, just a mention of Allah (swt), that is shared with all the heavenly messages without exception, as noted in this verse:

  وَلَقَدْ كَتَبْنَا فِي الزَّبُورِ مِن بَعْدِ الذِّكْرِ أَنَّ الْأَرْضَ يَرِثُهَا عِبَادِيَ الصَّالِحُونَ

(And We have already written in the book [of Psalms] after the [previous] mention that the land [of Paradise] is inherited by My righteous servants.) (Al-Anbiyaa: 107)

When Dawood (PBUH) is mentioned, Allah (swt) mentions Muhammad (saws), that is why the Psalms came here at the end of the verse.