( شَاقُّوا ) (they opposed): The Arabic word means (to divide something), meaning that the polytheists in Mecca split people into two groups instead of maintaining unity. However, they opposed Allah (swt) and disobeyed His commands.

( وَمَن يُشَاقِقِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ) (And whoever opposes Allah and His Messenger): It means placing oneself among the polytheists in Mecca at that time, those who opposed Allah (swt) and His Messenger (saws).

( فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ ) (indeed, Allah is severe in penalty): Indeed, Allah (swt) is severe in punishment. This punishment may be executed by the hands of the believers, as in the Battle of Badr, or it may be on the Day of Judgment and Resurrection.