This verse reminds us of another verse where Allah (swt) says:

 فَلَمَّا نَسُوا مَا ذُكِّرُوا بِهِ فَتَحْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَبْوَابَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا فَرِحُوا بِمَا أُوتُوا أَخَذْنَاهُم بَغْتَةً فَإِذَا هُم مُّبْلِسُونَ

(So when they forgot that by which they had been reminded, We opened to them the doors of every [good] thing until, when they rejoiced in that which they were given, We seized them suddenly, and they were [then] in despair.) (Al-An’aam: 44)

(سَنَسْتَدْرِجُهُم) (We will progressively lead them [to destruction]): Allah (swt) will give them them blessings, one after the other, and then wearing them out with what they attain. If they express gratitude, they have succeeded, but if they resist and reject, they have gone astray. This is the process of leading, where Allah (swt) bestows His (swt) blessings and observes the impact of His (swt) favors on His (swt) servants. Allah (swt) says:

وَإِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكُمْ لَئِن شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ ۖ وَلَئِن كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذَابِي لَشَدِيدٌ

(And [remember] when your Lord proclaimed, ‘If you are grateful, I will surely increase you [in favor]; but if you deny, indeed, My punishment is severe.’ “) (Ibrahim: 7)

Thus, when Allah (swt) says:

( وَالَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا سَنَسْتَدْرِجُهُم) (But those who deny Our signs – We will progressively lead them [to destruction]): This means that when a person denies the signs of Allah (swt), He (swt) gives him rein for a while , raises him up and then lets him fall from high.