This verse speaks of the three stages in their denial: Their turning away, their rejection and their mockery. These three things can be observed till today in every place and time. For when the doubters see these extremely clear signs and definite scientific poofs, they will firstly turn away from them and then reject them. Then, when they are still unable to argue or have dialogues, they will reach the stage of making fun of faith. This is what Allah (swt) tells us had happened to the Prophet (saws).
( فَسَوْفَ يَأْتِيهِمْ أَنبَاءُ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ… ) (…but there is going to reach them the news of what they used to ridicule): That is, the news of what they used to ridicule will come on the Day of Recompense, the Day when the Books of Deeds will be given out, as Allah (swt) says:
وَسَيَعْلَمُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا أَيَّ مُنقَلَبٍ يَنقَلِبُونَ
(The wrongdoers will come to know what (evil) end they will meet) (Ash-Shu’ara: 227)