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الآية رقم (11) - يُوصِيكُمُ اللّهُ فِي أَوْلاَدِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَيْنِ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَاء فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِن كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ وَلأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَإِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهُ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ مِن بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ آبَآؤُكُمْ وَأَبناؤُكُمْ لاَ تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعاً فَرِيضَةً مِّنَ اللّهِ إِنَّ اللّهَ كَانَ عَلِيما حَكِيمًا

(11) - {Allah instructs you concerning your children: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females. But if there are [only] daughters, two or more, for them is two thirds of one's estate. And if there is only one, for her is half. And for one's parents, to each one of them is a sixth of his estate if he left children. But if he had no children and the parents [alone] inherit from him, then for his mother is one third. And if he had brothers [or sisters], for his mother is a sixth, after any bequest he [may have] made or debt. Your parents or your children - you know not which of them are nearest to you in benefit. [These shares are] an obligation [imposed] by Allah. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.}

The verses related to the provisions of inheritance started. These are very important verses that we will deal with some generality; because detailing the provisions of inheritance is a specialized field, and it is a special science called (The science of inheritance.).

يُوصِيكُمُ اللّهُ فِي أَوْلاَدِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَيْنِ{Allah instructs you concerning your children: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females.}: Skeptics of Islam believe that Islam gave the woman half of the man, and they use this verse as evidence. However, we tell them exactly the opposite; the greatest evidence for women’s right is this verse, additionally, the biggest evidence that the woman took more than the man is this verse; the female’s share is the biggest and is the basis, why? Because there are thirty-three cases in which the woman takes more than the man, whereas in one case she has half the share of the male, so whoever does not know this has no right to attack Islam.

فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَاء فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ {. But if there are [only] daughters, two or more, for them is two thirds of one’s estate.}: That is, when there are no males. These are very important verses related to inheritance shares and family rules in society. There are people who believe that women’s rights are deficient in Islam and they keep demanding equality. If we presented Islam with its truth, those people would be surprised that Islam gave women their full rights, and the evidence is these verses. If there is a shortcoming in human understanding, it must be corrected. But to say that the shortcoming is related to the Holy Qur’an or the Prophetic Sunnah, this is not true; Because the Holy Qur’an gave women full rights, so the problem lies in us because we did not understand and did not apply the matter as it came in Islam with the evidence of these verses. Islam honored women and gave them more than men, the evidence for that:

First: This verse.

Second: When A person came to Messenger of Allah (swt) and asked:

“Who among people is most deserving of my fine treatment?” He (saws) said: “Your mother”. He again asked, ”Who next?” “Your mother”, the Prophet (saws) replied again. He asked, “Who next?” He (the Prophet (saws)) said again, “Your mother.” He again asked, “Then who?” Thereupon he (saws) said, ” Then your father.”

He preferred the mother three times over the father. The best person that you should honor is the mother, who is a woman. Also the Holy Qur’an says in regard of the mother:

وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْنًا عَلَى وَهْنٍ وَفِصَالُهُ فِي عَامَيْنِ أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيْكَ إِلَيَّ الْمَصِيرُ

{And We have enjoined upon man [care] for his parents. His mother carried him, [increasing her] in weakness upon weakness, and his weaning is in two years. Be grateful to Me and to your parents; to Me is the [final] destination.} (Luqman: 14)

So we do not have the right to take one case and separate it from the rest?!

مِن بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ {after any bequest he [may have] made or debt.}: The will must be executed and the debt must be repaid on behalf of the deceased before the inheritance is divided.

لاَ تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعاً {you know not which of them are nearest to you in benefit.}: The benefit is determined by Allah (swt), you may think that one of them is closer and more beneficial to you, but you do not know who is more beneficial, fathers or sons.