(And your Allah is one Allah), (There is no deity except Him) and (the All merciful, The all compassionate.), these are the three doctrinal matters.

( وَإِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ) (And your Allah is one Allah...): No second to Him.

( لَّا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٌ) (There is no deity except Him,...): There is no deity except Him:

  {لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ ۖ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ }

(There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the Hearing, the Seeing. (Whatever you have in your mind Allah is different of it )  (Ash-Shura: 11)

Whatever you have in mind, Allah is different from that.

What is the difference between “Wahid” and “Ahad” in Arabic?

“Wahid” The One means that he has no second to Him, and ‘Ahad” means that He is not formed of parts. For Example: (To Allah belongs the loftiest similitude) The Chair is formed of wood, screws and glue. So, it consists of these parts.

Hence when we say: Allah (swt) is “Wahid and Ahad” it means that there is no second to him and He (swt) has not parts that come together to form Him. There is no god other than Allah (swt), this is agreed not only religiously but intellectually as well:

{ لَوْ كَانَ فِيهِمَا آلِهَةٌ إِلَّا اللَّهُ لَفَسَدَتَا }

(Had there been within the heavens and earth Allah s besides Allah, they both would have been ruined.)  (Al-Anbiyaa: 22)

These are doctrinal issues. If there has been a second God, He would have argued with the first God in creation and sending the Prophets. However, there is only one God and no deity except Him.

How can I infer the existence of Allah  through mentality? We will be guided to Him through His creation. Usually, we know anything from its impact; we see the earth, the heavens, the seas, and the alternation of night and day, so we see all these creations and all these signs.

This example is only to clarify the idea: When the door is knocked, we all know that there is a knocker. That means the effect is existed, so there must be an influencer. In addition, we may differ about the one who is knocking on the door, because the door is closed so the opinions will vary about the knocker, however we all agree that the door is knocked. If someone tells me that, he is the one who knocked on the door and no one else claimed that he is the doer then it becomes a mental judgmental that he is the one who knocked on the door until someone else attributes this act to himself.

However, Allah (swt) declares that He created the heavens and the earth. So it is His creation until another god comes and says that it is him who created the heavens and the earth, and that will never happen.

( الرَّحْمَٰنُ الرَّحِيمُ ) (the All merciful , The all compassionate.): Why does Allah (swt) say, the All Merciful, The All Compassionate? and He (swt) does not say, the Mighty, the Ever-Forgiving , or the Avenger, the Compeller, or the Holy King ?

These are the manifestations of the Lord (swt) with the two attributes The All Merciful, The All Compassionate. For that, He (swt) started the Holy Qur’an with In the name of Allah the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate “. However, there are many attributes to Allah (swt), among them are the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate. The manifestations of these two attributes relate to everything Allah (swt) has created for human.

Allah (swt) created and prepared the universe to receive the human being. Then Allah (swt) prepared the man and everything with the manifestations of the two attributes the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate.

What is the difference between the Most Merciful and the Most Compassionate?

Do the attributes of Allah (swt) increase and decrease? No, what is related to the attribute increases or decreases. The Most Merciful is wider and more comprehensive than the Most Compassionate. The Most Merciful is related to all human beings, believers and disbelievers, the obedient and disobedient. It manifests in livelihood, air, water, sun and moon…etc. Everything which is related to the attribute of the Most Merciful is for all human beings. Therefore, in the previous verses we find the response of Allah (swt) to the request of Ibrahim (PBUH) when he asked Allah (swt) by saying:

 وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَٰذَا بَلَدًا آمِنًا وَارْزُقْ أَهْلَهُ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ مَنْ آمَنَ مِنْهُم بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۖ قَالَ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ أَضْطَرُّهُ إِلَىٰ عَذَابِ النَّارِ ۖ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِير

(And [mention] when Abraham said, “My Lord, make this a secure city and provide its people with fruits – whoever of them believes in Allah and the Last Day.” [Allah] said. “And whoever disbelieves – I will grant him enjoyment for a little; then I will force him to the punishment of the Fire, and wretched is the destination.)  (Al-Baqaraa: 126)

Allah (swt) gives the believer and the disbeliever but Allah (swt) grants enjoyment the disbeliever a little in this world. The Most Merciful gives all without exception. He (swt) does not say to the sun to brighten up the believers, and keep away from the disbelievers. As for the Most Compassionate, Allah (swt) declares that only the believers enter Paradise so it is not possible for the disbeliever to say that he will enter the Paradise by Allah’s attribute of Compassionate in the Hereafter.

Hence, Allah (swt) is the Most Merciful in this worldly life and He (swt) is the Most Compassionate in the Hereafter. His mercy in the Hereafter is just for those who believe in Him (swt), and His mercy in this life is for those who believe in him (swt) as well as those who disbelieve in him (swt).