As if Allah (swt) is saying to the Prophet (saws): “You, Muhammad, and the people of Mecca will see the recompense of those people who claim that you are insane or magician when they will be defeated at the Battle of Badr. They will see you in a state of triumph and greatness. This is their recompense in the worldly life.”

Some scholars said that it refers to their state on the Day of Judgement when they see the punishment which was prepared for them. In this regard, Allah (swt) says:

سَيَعْلَمُونَ غَدًا مَّنِ الْكَذَّابُ الْأَشِرُ 

(They will know tomorrow who is the insolent liar.) (Al-Qamar: 26)

There is an important linguistic note, in Arabic, when we want to refer to a near future, we add the letter (sin) to the verb, but when we want to refer to far future, we add the (sawfa) before the verb. Here in this verse of the study, Allah (swt) uses the near future.

Thus, this verse can refer to both meanings, the disbelievers will see their recompense in the worldly life and on the Day of Judgement. As in Allah (swt) saying:

وَسَيَعْلَمُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا أَيَّ مُنقَلَبٍ يَنقَلِبُونَ

(And those who have wronged are going to know to what [kind of] return they will be returned.) (Ash-Shu’ara: 227)

The disbelievers will see on the Day of Judgement that the Prophet (saws) was a mercy for them:

 وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا رَحْمَةً لِّلْعَالَمِينَ

(And We have not sent you, [O Muhammad], except as a mercy to the worlds.) (Al-Anbiya: 107)

Another fact about this verse of study, it is related with the interrogative verse which comes after it, because (see) signifies sight or knowledge. Meaning, the disbelievers will know on the Day of Judgement when the truth will be clearly distinguished from the falsehood.