The Arabic article qadd (certainly) is used to emphasize the sentence. It comes with the present and the past tense. The article (And) is for resumption.

(… وَلَقَدْ زَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَابِيحَ) (And We have certainly beautified the nearest heaven with lamps…): The (lamps) are the stars. Surprisingly, the light of some stars reaches us in fifty light years. However, the distance between us and one of the stars is a number consists of many zeros added to a figure, therefore the astronauts invented a unit to measure the distances of the stars called (light year). As we know, the light speed is about three hundred thousand kilo meter per second. In fact, the distance between us and the sun, as a huge and bright star, is ninety-three million miles and, nonetheless its light reaches us within eight minutes and a third. Whereas, the light of Su’ra, which is the brightest star in the sky, reaches us within nine light years.

Allah (swt) states that the sun, the moon and the stars are adornments of the nearest sky, so what about the nature and the adornments of the remaining heavens! Bearing in mind, the bright stars and the planets hanging down from the nearest heaven do not represent the sky itself. Allah (swt) says:

فَقَضَاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَأَوْحَىٰ فِي كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ أَمْرَهَا ۚ وَزَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَابِيحَ وَحِفْظًا

(And He completed them as seven heavens within two days and inspired in each heaven its command. And We adorned the nearest heaven with lamps and as protection.) (Fussilat: 12)

So, how far is the nearest sky from the bright stars that we see? The sun is eight light minutes from us, while the Andromeda is hundred light years from us and the a million light year between us and the galaxy, so you can multiple one million light years by three hundreds and sixty five days, then multiple the total by twenty-four hours, next multiple the total by sixty minutes, then multiple the total by sixty seconds, at last multiple the total by three hundreds thousands kilometers, now think of the number we get.

The sun is the largest star that adorns our sky that all people benefit from; the believers and the sinners, the polytheists and atheists. When the sun sets, everyone uses a source of light within a limited space and according to his capabilities; one may light a candle, another brings a torch, someone else may use electric lamps to fill the place with light. When the sun rises, does anyone keep his lights being on? Surely not, because the sun which is created by Allah (swt) gives the light for everyone. This is the physical light. The difference between the lights of the human means and the light which is created by Allah (swt) is that the latter one overwhelmed all other lights because it spreads over everything.

Allah (swt) has not created the stars just as adornments, rather He (swt) made them signs for guiding the people:

  وَعَلَامَاتٍ ۚ وَبِالنَّجْمِ هُمْ يَهْتَدُونَ 

(And landmarks. And by the stars they are guided.) (An-Nahl: 16)

As we know, those who used to travel by sea or through deserts depend on the stars to guide them to the right way. In this regard, merchants of Quraysh used to make two journeys every year, one in winter and another in summer, following many roads depending on the positions of the stars. Allah (swt) says:

 وَهُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ النُّجُومَ لِتَهْتَدُوا بِهَا فِي ظُلُمَاتِ الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ ۗ قَدْ فَصَّلْنَا الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ

(And it is He who placed for you the stars that you may be guided by them through the darknesses of the land and sea. We have detailed the signs for a people who know.) (Al-An’am: 97)

Hence, Allah (swt) has created the stars to guide people on land and in the sea and to give them light in darkness. But this is not the only purpose behind creating the stars, otherwise, they would have been created all in same size but, we see small and big stars, according to their distance from us, the star which seems to us small may be larger than the one that appears big. The stars have been created also as adornments to anyone looks at them, as Allah (swt) says:

وَزَيَّنَّاهَا لِلنَّاظِرِينَ

(and have beautified it for the observers.) (Al-Hijr: 16)

Indeed, not every beneficial thing is beautiful. Beauty is a value and a blessing from Allah (swt). In this regard, Allah (swt) says:

 وَالْخَيْلَ وَالْبِغَالَ وَالْحَمِيرَ لِتَرْكَبُوهَا وَزِينَةً ۚ وَيَخْلُقُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ

(And [He created] the horses, mules and donkeys for you to ride and [as] adornment. And He creates that which you do not know.) (An-Nahl: 8)

And said about the animals:

  وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا جَمَالٌ حِينَ تُرِيحُونَ وَحِينَ تَسْرَحُونَ

(And for you in them is [the enjoyment of] beauty when you bring them in [for the evening] and when you send them out [to pasture].) (An-Nahl: 6)

So, Allah (swt) states some of the benefits of these animals and not all of them. Allah (swt), as well, spreads His blessings by beautifying the nearest heaven with the stars likewise, He provides those who have loads with animals that carry their loads. As such, Allah (swt) says:

 وَتَحْمِلُ أَثْقَالَكُمْ إِلَىٰ بَلَدٍ لَّمْ تَكُونُوا بَالِغِيهِ إِلَّا بِشِقِّ الْأَنفُسِ ۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ لَرَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ

(And they carry your loads to a land you could not have reached except with difficulty to yourselves. Indeed, your Lord is Kind and Merciful.) (An-Nahl: 7)

As for those who have no loads, they can see the horses move gracefully so that they enjoy seeing them although these horses may not belong to them.

(… وَجَعَلْنَاهَا رُجُومًا لِّلشَّيَاطِينِ… ) (…and have made them what is thrown at the devils …): This is a very important additional benefit of the stars, that we may not aware of it; Allah (swt) says:

وَحِفْظًا مِّن كُلِّ شَيْطَانٍ مَّارِدٍ (7) لَّا يَسَّمَّعُونَ إِلَى الْمَلَإِ الْأَعْلَىٰ وَيُقْذَفُونَ مِن كُلِّ جَانِبٍ (8) دُحُورًا ۖ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ وَاصِبٌ

(And as protection against every rebellious devil (8) [So] they may not listen to the exalted assembly and are pelted from every side, (9) Repelled; and for them is a constant punishment,) (As-Saffat: 7-9)

So, when we look at the sky at night, we find it ornamented with bright stars:

وَزَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَابِيحَ وَحِفْظًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ 

(And We adorned the nearest heaven with lamps and as protection. That is the determination of the Exalted in Might, the Knowing.) (Fussilat: 12)

Accordingly, Allah (swt) has made these stars which beautify the nearest sky, an instrument thrown at the devils to prevent them from listening to the Exalted Assembly of angels.

(… وَجَعَلْنَاهَا… ) (…and have made them …): This refers to the meteors that are taken from the stars and does not refer to the stars themselves.

Hence, the nearest heaven is like a raised ceiling tormented with pendent lamps. Allah (swt) describes these stars as lamps that clearly luminous, whereas the moon on the other hand gives light, in this regard Allah (swt) says:

 هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِيَاءً وَالْقَمَرَ نُورًا 

(It is He who made the sun a shining light and the moon a derived light) (Yunus: 5)

 وَجَعَلَ الْقَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُورًا وَجَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ سِرَاجًا

(And made the moon therein a [reflected] light and made the sun a burning lamp?) (Noah: 16)

As the sun gives incandescent light so it is as a (burning lamp). The difference between the incandescent light of sun and the light of the moon is that the first one gives heat and warmth whereas the light does not. Taking into consideration that heat arises from shining objects intrinsically as the sun whereas, the light’s source of the moon is the sunrays when reflected on it, same as a mirror when you direct a light towards it, so it reflects it.

(… رُجُومًا… ) (…what is thrown …): As mentioned, the devils are not thrown with the stars themselves rather, they are thrown by the meteors out of the stars, which look like a burning brand taken from a fire that does not move from its place, as in the saying of Allah(swt):

 إِذْ رَأَىٰ نَارًا فَقَالَ لِأَهْلِهِ امْكُثُوا إِنِّي آنَسْتُ نَارًا لَّعَلِّي آتِيكُم مِّنْهَا بِقَبَسٍ أَوْ أَجِدُ عَلَى النَّارِ هُدًى

(When he saw a fire and said to his family, “Stay here; indeed, I have perceived a fire; perhaps I can bring you a torch or find at the fire some guidance.”) (Taha: 10)

The Prophet Musa (Moses) wanted to bring a torch from the fire and this does not affect the fire itself but it keeps the same.

(… رُجُومًا لِّلشَّيَاطِينِ… ) (…thrown at the devils …): Before revelation of the Holly Quran, the Jinn used to sit in positions in the sky listening to what was sent down to the earth. Allah (swt) says:

 وَأَنَّا كُنَّا نَقْعُدُ مِنْهَا مَقَاعِدَ لِلسَّمْعِ ۖ فَمَن يَسْتَمِعِ الْآنَ يَجِدْ لَهُ شِهَابًا رَّصَدًا

(And we used to sit therein in positions for hearing, but whoever listens now will find a burning flame lying in wait for him.) (Al-Jinn: 9)

The Jinn used to eavesdrop, taking some of the news adding numerous fabrications to each truth. In this regard, Allah (swt) says that the devils say:

 وَأَنَّا لَمَسْنَا السَّمَاءَ فَوَجَدْنَاهَا مُلِئَتْ حَرَسًا شَدِيدًا وَشُهُبًا (8) وَأَنَّا كُنَّا نَقْعُدُ مِنْهَا مَقَاعِدَ لِلسَّمْعِ ۖ فَمَن يَسْتَمِعِ الْآنَ يَجِدْ لَهُ شِهَابًا رَّصَدًا

(And we have sought [to reach] the heaven but found it filled with powerful guards and burning flames. (9) And we used to sit therein in positions for hearing, but whoever listens now will find a burning flame lying in wait for him.) (Al-Jinn: 8-9)

(  وَأَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَابَ السَّعِيرِ … ) (…and have prepared for them the punishment of the Blaze.): Meaning, just as Allah (swt) has punished them by meteors in the worldly life, He (swt) prepared for them the punishment of the Blaze in the Hereafter. The devils meant here are the rebellious ones. Allah (swt) says:

إِنَّا زَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِزِينَةٍ الْكَوَاكِبِ (6) وَحِفْظًا مِّن كُلِّ شَيْطَانٍ مَّارِدٍ (7) لَّا يَسَّمَّعُونَ إِلَى الْمَلَإِ الْأَعْلَىٰ وَيُقْذَفُونَ مِن كُلِّ جَانِبٍ (8) دُحُورًا ۖ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ وَاصِبٌ (9) إِلَّا مَنْ خَطِفَ الْخَطْفَةَ فَأَتْبَعَهُ شِهَابٌ ثَاقِبٌ

(Indeed, We have adorned the nearest heaven with an adornment of stars (7) And as protection against every rebellious devil (8) [So] they may not listen to the exalted assembly [of angels] and are pelted from every side, (9) Repelled; and for them is a constant punishment, (10) Except one who snatches [some words] by theft, but they are pursued by a burning flame, piercing [in brightness].) (As-Saffat: 6-10)

(  السَّعِيرِ… ) (…the Blaze): It is one the names of the Hell fire and it is one of its parts, among which are: Crusher, Saqar, Abyss. The Blaze refers to a fire with flames never extinguishe.