This Surah describes the hypocrites at every place.

(وَمِنْهُم مَّن يَقُولُ ائْذَن لِّي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي ۚ…) (And among them is he who says, “Permit me [to remain at home] and do not put me to trial.): Among the hypocrites are those who say to you, ‘Oh Muhammad, give us permission to stay back and do not put us to trial with having to go out with you.

Reason for Revelation: This verse was revealed concerning Al-Jadd bin Qais, who was one of the leaders of Bani Salimah. Al-Jadd said to the Prophet (saws), ‘My people know that I am infatuated with women, and I fear that if I see the women of Bani al-Asfar (the Romans), I won’t be able to control myself. So, do not put me to trial, and grant me permission to stay back. The Prophet (saws) turned away from him and said, ‘I have granted you permission.’ So, this verse was revealed.

…أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا ۗ… (Unquestionably, into trial they have fallen,): This means they have fallen into trial by uttering such words; that he feared the women of Bani al-Asfar, and that was not even the real reason. Indeed, the trial he had fallen into by staying back from the Messenger of Allah (saws) and prioritizing his own whims over his commitment was a greater trial upon himself.

…وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ  (Hell will encompass the disbelievers.): No matter what the disbelievers or the hypocrites do, they will not be able to escape punishment and retribution for their deeds