(كَيْفَ…) (How): The word “how,” does not have the same expression of wonder of the previous verse, rather, Allah (swt) clarifies the characteristics of the polytheists.

…وَإِن يَظْهَرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ.. (if they gain dominance over you,): This means, if they gain the upper hand,

…لَا يَرْقُبُوا فِيكُمْ إِلًّا…(they do not observe concerning you any pact of kinship): They do not show consideration for you based on neighborliness or kinship. They, despite being close relatives of yours, went out from Mecca to fight you without considering kinship or neighborliness.

(…وَلَا ذِمَّةً ۚ…) (or covenant of protection): They would not fulfill the trust nor pay heed to any covenant.

(…يُرْضُونَكُم بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَتَأْبَىٰ قُلُوبُهُمْ…) (They satisfy you with their mouths, but their hearts refuse [compliance]): They speak to you with soft words, but their hearts are filled with hatred, deceit, and malice against Islam and you Muslims.

(…وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ) (and most of them are defiantly disobedient.): And you’ll find many of them aggressively disobedient to Allah (swt).