When they did not supplicate and remember after the calamities, Allah (swt) changed what afflicted them with abundance, ( حَتَّىٰ عَفَوا ) (until they increased [and prospered]): meaning their wealth and children increased.

( وَّقَالُوا قَدْ مَسَّ آبَاءَنَا الضَّرَّاءُ وَالسَّرَّاءُ) (and said, “Our fathers [also] were touched with hardship and ease.”): Allah (swt) bestows his favors upon them and grants them with blessings after initially having warned them with poverty and hardship so that they would turn to Him (swt) in supplication. Although they did not supplicate, still Allah (swt) bestowed his favors upon them. Allah (swt) says:

} حَتَّىٰ إِذَا أَخَذَتِ الْأَرْضُ زُخْرُفَهَا وَازَّيَّنَتْ وَظَنَّ أَهْلُهَا أَنَّهُمْ قَادِرُونَ عَلَيْهَا أَتَاهَا أَمْرُنَا لَيْلًا أَوْ نَهَارًا فَجَعَلْنَاهَا حَصِيدًا كَأَن لَّمْ تَغْنَ بِالْأَمْسِ {

(until, when the earth has taken on its adornment and is beautified and its people suppose that they have capability over it, there comes to it Our command by night or by day, and We make it as a harvest, as if it had not flourished yesterday)

(Yunus: 24)

When a person is in poverty or under a hardship and he turns to Allah (swt), then what afflicts him is removed. But he does not turn to Allah (swt), then Allah (swt) might remove the calamity and prolongs him in his transgression, until He (swt) seizes him suddenly while he did not perceive.

( فَأَخَذْنَاهُم بَغْتَةً وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ) (So We seized them suddenly while they did not perceive): In fact, after bad conditions are exchanged for good conditions. Mankind should beware of not being deluded by wealth, status, position, health, or in any other matter of the worldly life. We are in a world of changeableness, and Allah (swt) is closer to us than our jugular vein.