All these verses address the Jews in Medina. Taking into consideration that when the Prophet (saws) expelled them, that was because of their aggression, cunning, oppression, and violation of covenants, while when he (saws) came to Madinah, he signed covenants with them and laid down a constitution for the city that stipulates that Muslims and the people of the Scripture are as one hand over those who oppose them. He (saws) wrote a constitution which humanity is proud of its respect for others, yet they broke the constitution and the covenants, so these successive verses about the Jews:

الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ إِنَّ اللّهَ عَهِدَ إِلَيْنَا أَلاَّ نُؤْمِنَ لِرَسُولٍ حَتَّىَ يَأْتِيَنَا بِقُرْبَانٍ تَأْكُلُهُ النَّارُ {They are] those who said, “Indeed, Allah has taken our promise not to believe any messenger until he brings us an offering which fire [from heaven] will consume.”}: These are false arguments and procrastination in believing, as they said: Allah promised us that we will not believe in any Messenger until he brings an offering that will be consumed by fire. The offering is what draws one closer to Allah (swt), and if the fire consumes the offering, then it is true that he is a messenger from Allah (swt).

قُلْ قَدْ جَاءكُمْ رُسُلٌ مِّن قَبْلِي بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَبِالَّذِي قُلْتُمْ فَلِمَ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ {Say, “There have already come to you messengers before me with clear proofs and [even] that of which you speak. So why did you kill them, if you should be truthful?”}: This answer is for the Prophet (saws) to tell to the Jews.

Many Prophets were sent to the nation of Children of Israel, among them: Moses, David, Solomon, Zakaria, Yahya and Issa (peace be upon them), but the people of Children of Israel used to kill the prophets and plot and invent lies against them. Allah (swt) says to the Prophet (saws) to tell them that All the Prophets who came before him (saws) brought the clear proofs and miracles that indicate the truthfulness of their messages from Allah (swt), in addition to:

وَبِالَّذِي قُلْتُمْ {and [even] that of which you speak}: The offering that will be consumed by fire, then why:

فَلِمَ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ {So why did you kill them, if you should be truthful?”}: So that, it is not a matter of proofs. As well-known every Messenger came with a tangible miracle, for instance, Moses (PBUH) used to hit the stone with his stick, and water would gush out from it, and he struck the sea with his stick, so it split, and he threw his stick, so it was a clear snake, and he pulled out his hand and it was white. As for Issa (Jesus) (PBUH) his miracles are that he used to heal who was born blind, and the leper, and used to bring the dead to life by Allah’s will. Abraham (PBUH) entered Fire and it was cool and peaceful, Noah’s (PBUH) miracle was the ark.

All of these miracles were according to the maturity of the human mind. But the Holy Qur’an is a miracle which will last forever, no matter how the human mind develops, and it is related to reason, thought, persuasion, and argument in all the verses.

After that Allah (swt) continues and comforts the heart of the Prophet (saws) with one of the greatest verses, saying: